- Select an accessible part of the orchard. Try to visit the same trees once a week on the same day of the week. Look for flowers and catkins on vigorous growth on the outside of the tree.
- Flowers (female): Flowering occurs when the red stigmas have fully emerged from the bud. They remain viable for up to 3 months, gradually darkening if they are not pollinated. Once they have been pollinated, they will shrivel and disappear. There are always a few flowers that are earlier and later than the main flowering period so we aim to record the start date when about 5% of the flower buds have emerged, and record the finish date when most of the flower buds have black shrivelled stigmas.
- Catkins (male): pollen is released as the catkins extend. Catkins that are fully extended and brown have released their pollen.
Ignore the few catkins that extend earlier or later than the rest.
- Bud burst: should be recorded when the leaves can be seen emerging from the buds.
- Dates: can be recorded either as the calendar date (eg June 1 or 1/6) or as the Julian date (the number of days after January 1).